A Work Of Art And Its Impact On Society - 1503 Words

A work of art is something that touches the emotions of people. Without saying a word, art often speaks volumes to its viewers by challenging the current ideological orders, which are better known as the ways in which society thinks, acts, and functions on a daily basis. One of the most powerful art forms in terms of influencing society is a monument, which can be defined as a large manmade structure built to commemorate a significant person or event in history. Like all forms of art, monuments tell a story. Additionally, they take art to the next level by portraying something historical. They are one of the best art forms when it comes to influencing the public, yet their cultural impact is often overlooked. Many people see a monument as a display of a person or event’s importance to society during its time in history. However, that is not its sole purpose. It should also remind people of how the world was impacted by the particular event it stands for. A monument is capable of fueling an effort to maintain the change brought about by what it represents while also inspiring people to refrain from returning ideological order to its state prior to that event’s position in history. When designing a monument, architects strive to reach success in both of these categories to maximize its impact on ideological order. The first prerequisite for building a monument is establishing a good reason and location for which to build one. For a person or event to have aShow MoreRelatedThe Real Life Application : Beauty Is One s Positive And Admiring Feeling Or Understanding Towards One Object794 Words   |  4 Pagesone object. In twenty first century, individuals are bonded with beauty that the society, or the shared knowledge, have agreed for trillion years, yet different people holds different opinion whether they admire an object or not. Therefore, I agree that beauty can have different interpretation based on the shared knowledge and personal kn owledge that one experienced. Knowing that there are various interpretation of arts, the real life application that comes to my mind to ask â€Å"how do we weigh beauty†Read MoreArt Is A Catalyst Of Change1212 Words   |  5 PagesArt is a catalyst of change. It can confront both social and political issues as well as providing people with a creative outlet in which they can express their innermost thoughts and feelings - but what effect can art have on our society as a whole? Artists today have the unique ability to connect with people in a creative, innovative way that they can understand and interpret themselves. With this ability, artists are able to express their own views as well as influencing the views of others. ArtRead MoreThe Journey Of Postmodern Art1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Journey to Postmodern Art The field of visual art is extremely broad, therefore art historians have been attempting to categorize it based on style, time of creation, and subject matter for centuries. Much like any other sociological aspect of life, the culture and time period in which it was made has a great impact on the artist which directly influences their art. Though art is and always has been a way for someone to express themselves, limitations from certain parties took some of that experienceRead MoreEssay about Interwar Avant-Garde Artwork And Its Community Impact852 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"art and life† aspects of the interwar avant-garde are an advanced socially trivial form of art which to a bigger extent is symbolic of the visual setting of the human community. It is the art of expressionism in any artistic work which greatly influence its adaptation by the target audience. It has been evidently claimed that most artistic works of the early twentieth century have had a number of va ried themes all encompassing the political environment of the time. The interwar avant-garde isRead MoreSecond Wave Feminism Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesWave Feminism’s Relation to Art 1. Second Wave Feminism has a direct relation to art, as the movement and its creations were directly connected to the social problems of the times. As with most modern art, artists usually turn to creating works to express their problems with society, and this is what feminists did. As the suffragist movements with First Wave Feminism were a great success, and women did have the same legal rights as men, they still interpreted society has seeing them as the lesserRead MoreHistory of American Art Education Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping nation, and art education was no exception to this. In order to come to terms with the impact of Western culture on American art education, it is important to chronicle the progression of art education throughout Europe. Spanning centuries, the political, social, and economic development of European nations, each played an important role the philosophies of art education, which in the long run, affected American ideas concerning the sub ject. Thoughts about art changed and evolved inRead MorePeople Meet Nature By Knut Rasmussen1663 Words   |  7 Pagesor not there is a requirement in society for art and literature to be useful. The utility of diverse art forms stems from an individual’s unique perspective which many differ from the societal conceptions and the need one has to express one’s opinions. According to dictionary.com, the definition of useful is â€Å"being of use or service; serving some purpose† (Useful). To be useful, something needs to be able to be applied. In regards to this paper, for a work of art and literature to be useful meansRead MoreThe Arts Administration Is Also Known As Arts Management1593 Words   |  7 Pages The arts administration is also known as arts management industry is seen as a broad and ill-defined career, as the manager gets the opportunity to explore a wide variety of roles within an arts organisation. Arts management revolves around business operations surrounding any arts organisation. An arts manager is an administrator that organise and facilitates with the day to day business activities of an arts company; this could involve writing a business report, working alongside the artisticRead MoreFeminism And The Contemporary Art1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe contemporary art world is including and exposing more female artists who are promoting themselves creatively and pushing for equality through art. This essay will examine the increase of feminist art visibility and the way in which the audience views work through female perspectives; how art is defined through alternative and non-traditional media, and how fine art has created platforms and spaces for discussion and widens views of feminism within feminist groups and how it can be portrayed differentlyRead MoreAndrew Warhola was born in 1928, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He majored in pictorial design at the1100 Words   |  5 Pagesvisual art movement in pop art. He explored the relationships between artistic expressions, commercial advertisement, and celebrity culture in the 1960s and beyond. His views on American culture ad unique artistic expressions of the style of art had a great impact on American society by brining society’s obsession with mass culture and expanding mass media in America. Andy Warhol, the founding father of the pop arts’, created a movement that began in the late 50’s, Andy Warhol’s idea of art brought

Edgar Degas His Life and Work

Article Review - 1045 Words

Is precarious employment associated with women remaining childless until age 35 years? Results from an Australian birth cohort study. (Steele et.al, 2014) Article review. The study described in the article attempts to demonstrate that precarious employment conditions force women to procrastinate first childbirth till age 35. Below here there are the short summary of this article and its evaluation, focused on the choice of variables, the article structure and the study results. The base for the study was the same as in the Life Journeys of Young Women Project (LJYWP), mentioned in Steele et.al (2011, cited in Steele et.al. 2014, p.156). Women (n=970) born in 1972-1975 in Adelaide hospital (March et al. 2010, cited in Steele et.al. 2014,†¦show more content†¦The study has a number strength. First of all, it is an appropriate structure. The article contains a comprehensive literature review, presented in the introduction section. The literature review shows the breadth of the observed previous research worldwide, identifies the research gap, and states a clear research question. The section of materials and methods provides adequate reasons for all decisions about the measurement of variables and demonstrates a thought out study design. The study also observes a significant and representative sample. It consists of 643 women from different socio-economic groups, living at the same period on the same area, and they have different ethnic background. Th e authors excluded from participation those women who were not involved in the reproduction process (non-heterosexual) and those who at the time of first childbirth were too young to make a thought out decision (younger than 15 years old). The study leaves a question to the choice of variables. In particular, authors mentioned the partner’s education and employment status, showing by this that they agree that the partner’s situation is important. At the same time a partner’s employment status was not taken into account. As article is dedicated to demonstrate that the stability of the family income is one the most significant moments that woman relies on while making the decision, the work status of a partner seems to be as important as a woman’s. On theShow MoreRelatedSample Article Review1246 Words   |  5 Pagese Article review : Sample 1 Source Bell, R.L. Lederman. (2003). Understandings of the nature of science and decision making on science and technology based issues. Science Education, vol.87, no.3, p.352-77, viewed 15 March 2005, EBSCOhost database Academic Search Premier, item: AN9578033 Introduction This review critically reviews the article ‘Understandings of the nature of science and decision making on science and technology based issues’ by Randy L. Bell and Norman G. Lederman which appearedRead MoreArticle Review : Our Undemocratic Constitution1202 Words   |  5 PagesBicameralism and Constitutional Article V are two of the main factors Levinson believes contribute to this difficulty. Bicameralism means it takes two legislative houses instead of one to approve any legislation. Levinson feels â€Å"Whatever the undoubted attractions of bicameralism, it always makes it harder to pass legislation (35).† He believes having two houses that do basically the same things just slows down the process of actually making a change to the constitution. Article V however, is another partRead MoreWhat Does It Take A Good Review Of An Original Scientific Article ( 6 Points )? Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesto Dr. Hoppin, what does it take to do a good review of an origi nal scientific article (6 points)? Dr. Hoppin discussed four main responsibilities in guiding reviewer in the reviewing process of scientific paper. When reviewing a scientific article, the role of reviewers is to shear their experience, knowledge, time and provide constructive criticisms and suggestions. The reviewer has to be motivated by providing suggestions for improving the article to be more educational, informative and usefulRead MoreArticle Review1471 Words   |  6 Pagesfound and used in clinical application. The three articles studied in this review use very different methods of predicting patient outcomes, and prove more accurate than the current â€Å"predictions... from randomized trials of individual chemotherapies, or SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) estimates†(Obermyer, 2017, p. 18). Regardless of their apparent successes, there is room for improvement in all three articles. Review The first article, â€Å"Machine learning mortality prediction at startRead MoreArticle Review734 Words   |  3 Pages The peer-reviewed article I analyzed was â€Å"Conducting a Functional-Based Intervention I a School Setting to Reduce Inappropriate Behaviour of a Child with Autism†. The focus of this article is â€Å"to assess the utility and feasibility of using three functional behavior assessment procedures in conjunction with the Behaviour Capture program when identifying the function of problem behavior in a school and to inform development of a function based intervention.† (Camacho, Anderson, Moore, FurlongerRead MoreA Review Of The Article Review1332 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironmental voices is clear in the article published titled Critics Challenge Emissions Target (Wingrove 2015, May 16). 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Given the top down orientation of news articles, prominence is repeatedly awardedRead MoreArticle Review On The 1365 Words   |  6 PagesOur Father Who Is In Heaven By J Stark | Submitted On January 13, 2016 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author J Stark Is this simply a prayer recited by many, under varying circumstances or mightRead MoreArticle Review1052 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article, â€Å"Organized Greek Games†, the author, William J. Baker’s goal was to educate on the difference between Olympic Games as they are today, compared to Olympic Games as they used to be in ancient Greece. 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Summer Exam 2016 - Inquiry Research - 934 Words

Lauren Bilkis, Shelbie Charley, Yasmyn Collazo, Taylor Mazur AICE General Paper/Bilous Winter Exam 2016 – Inquiry Research 19 December 2016 EXPOSITORY â€Å"‘Tourists are rejecting the traditional holiday vacations in favour of experiencing different places and activities.’ Why might this be?† Family vacations used to be the go to trip for any given time to travel, but as generations advance the destinations of holiday vacations have evolved alongside society. The mindset of the world today has caused people to reject traditional holiday vacations for new experiences. These new experiences can range anywhere from going to exotic places like Jamaica to Greece to just staying home. There is a reason for all of this change, such as the lack of financial stability, the increase in technology and social media, and different kinds of people with their diverse views. Traveling is expensive, and financial issues have begun to cause the downfall of most vacations. People cannot afford to go and see their family, so they stay home on â€Å"vacations† known as staycations. These staycations are a new experience for a lot of people because they are not going anywhere on their vacation time, which is unusual for them. One reason for this is that student loans have gone up tremendously in recent years and before people can worry about going on vacation, they must pay back these debts. These loans can last a lifetime, and instead of worrying about them forever they postpone their vacations, soShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAgreement 354 Strikes versus Lockouts 355 Impasse-Resolution Techniques 355 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: The Striker Replacement Dilemma 356 Critical Issues for Unions Today 356 Union Membership: Where Have the Members Gone? 357 WORKPLACE ISSUES: The Union Summer 358 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 338 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 338 Case Application 13: Protection OSHA Style 338 Working with a Team: Health and Safety 338 Learning an HRM Skill: Developing Safety SkillsRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesMachine Tool Company 15 Wynn Computer Equipment (WCE) 17 The Reluctant Workers 20 Hyten Corporation 22 Macon, Inc. 35 Continental Computer Corporation 37 Goshe Corporation 43 Acorn Industries 49 MIS Project Management at First National Bank Cordova Research Group 70 Cortez Plastics 71 L. P. Manning Corporation 72 Project Firecracker 74 56 CONTENTS Phillip Condit and Boeing 777: From Design and Development to Production and Sales 81 AMP of Canada (A) 105 AMP of Canada (B) (see handout providedRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesIncome Medicare Beneficiaries Subtitle B—Reducing Health Disparities Subtitle C—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public Reporting on Health Care-Associated Infections TITLE V—MEDICARE GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION TITLE VI—PROGRAM

Reading Habit free essay sample

There for parents should play a main role in convincing and telling their children on how important it is for a person to read no matter what type of reading material it is but it must be beneficial. Nowadays it is understood that parents are busy with their work, but they must make sure their children reads daily. Other than that, parents should bring their kids to the national library at least once a week and they have to read together with their kids, so that the kids will be encouraged to read. Parents also can set up a mini library at mom with the materials available and suitable for reading. Parents also should advise their adult children to read newspaper on a dally basis and not only reading story book or novels. This Is to make sure that they are aware about the current Issues. For adults, It will take time to change their habit when they realize reading Is very Important. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Habit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Government also must carry out campaign regarding reading habits. There are some ways to Inculcate the reading habit among Malaysian. Firstly, set times. You should have a few set times during every day when youll read for at least -10 minutes.For example, you can read during your breakfast and lunch or in time when youre free like when you go to bed or waiting for someone. You also have to set a reading goal. Your goal might be a book a month or one per week. Second, always carry a book. Wherever you go, you must take a book with you. For example, when you want to go to class or work. Before you waiting for someone like your lecture or friends, you can read the book that you caring. So, you dont waste your time. It also a great way to pass the time. You also must make a list.Keep a list of all the books you dead and the books that you want to read in future. You can keep the list in your journal, diary or pocket notebook. Then, you can add any title of good book that your hear, online or ask your friends and colleagues what they are reading. It will make easy for you to find the book when you go to library or book store. When you are reading, make it pleasurable and fine a quite place. Make your reading time your favorite time of day like have some good tea or coffee. Find a quite place that will your comfortable and be easy to understand what you read. A quite place will make you peace.If you find yourself stressful while reading the book, dont continue reading under pressure like that. Reading is for pleasure, so dont push yourself too hard that you can quit reading forever, or even if you can read, the outcome wont be so good either. If you find that you cannot complete the task in the first place, dont give up. Remember, winners never quit. You Just have to try again until you achieve It. Reading Habit By eternity advise their adult children to read newspaper on a daily basis and not only reading story book or novels. This is to make sure that they are aware about the current issues.For adults, it will take time to change their habit when they realize reading is very important. Government also must carry out campaign regarding reading habits. There are some ways to inculcate the reading habit among Malaysian. Firstly, set you peace. If you find yourself stressful while reading the book, dont continue reading under pressure like that. Reading is for pleasure, so dont push yourself too hard that you can quit reading forever, or even if you can read, the outcome wont be so good either. If you find that you cannot complete the task in the first place, dont it.

Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum Phosphoethanolamine

Question: Discuss about the Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum Phosphoethanolamine. Answer: Introduction: 4-aminoquinoline drug, used to treat malaria infection (Plasmodium ovale, P. vivax and P. malariae) (Na-Bangchang and Karbwang, 2009; Petersen, Eastman and Lanzer, 2011). Malaria parasite is present in its asexual stage in the red blood corpuscles (RBC) where it breaks hemoglobin, thereby releasing heme, which is converted to hemozoin. Chloroquine enters RBC and gets protonated and prevents hemozoin formation, thus causing buildup of heme protein. Then, chloroquine attaches to heme to form a toxic complex which disrupts the membrane function, thus leading to cell-lysis and eventually autodigestion of the parasite (Hempelmann, 2007; Lin et al., 2015). Its adverse effects include appetite distress, diarrhea, low RBC, muscular damage, vision problems, seizures, skin rash etc. (Michaelides et al., 2011; Murambiwa et al., 2011; Reich, Stnder and Szepietowski, 2009; Tnnesmann, Kandolf and Lewalter, 2013). The first incident of chloroquine-resistance falciparum was reported in 1950s; since then, various resistant forms have surfaced. Falciparum efficiently counteract the effects of chloroquine due to mutations in transporter (PfCRT) gene (Martin et al., 2009). Other genes involved in development of drug-resistance are ABC transporter multidrug-resistance (PfMDR1) and chloroquine-transporter CG2 protein (Tripathi, 2013). Chloroquine has been the drug of choice for unconfirmed cases of malaria or vivax infection. But chances of developing drug-resistance are higher due to improper drug use. So, one must consider the chances of increase of chloroquine-resistant vivax infection in Pakistan (Price et al., 2014). The appearance of the F1076L mutation in pvmdr1 gene in Pakistan, responsible for drug-resistance in vivax in 2013 draws attention to the looming threat of resistance development (Khattak et al., 2013; Waheed et al., 2015). Amodiaquine - It is another drug of 4-aminoquinoline category, used against uncomplicated reports of falciparum malaria. It is highly recommended in combination with artesunate to decrease the risk of drug-resistance (Bobenchik et al., 2010; WHO, 2015), but is usually not prescribed due to its rare but severe adverse effects. Some adverse effects include decrease in blood cell or hepatic distress and at high doses, it may cause cardiac arrest, headaches, seizures, and troubled vision (Nair et al., 2012; Olliaro and Mussano, 2016; Tagbor, Chandramohan, and Greenwood, 2007). It has become a chief drug used along with artensunate in uncomplicated case of falciparum infection and is a frequently chosen alternative to chloroquine, due to its affordability and efficacy against chloroquine-resistant species in Pakistan. It is extensively preferred for the management of vivax and falciparum infection. Yet, there were reports of cross-resistance between chloroquine and amodiaquine in the Sout h Asian region (Hay et al., 2009). Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine - The combination of sulfadoxine (sulfonamide) and pyrimethamine (antiprotozoal) is used against malaria infection (WHO, 2008) in combination with other antimalarial drugs. Sulfonamide acts by competing with the p-amino benzoic acid during folate synthesis while the pyrimethamine selectively inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme present in protozoa, thus stopping the production of tetrahydrofolate. Combined treatment of the two drugs was approved in 1981 for use in USA and is now present on the List of Essential Medicines released by the WHO (WHO, 2015). It is more successful in the management of falciparum infection and undiagnosed malaria cases (Leslie et al., 2007). Yet, it is not recommended as a routine drug owing to its adverse effects, but simply to manage severe malaria or in areas where other medicaments are ineffective. Adverse effects include headache, rash, diarrhea, hair loss, abdominal cramps, aplastic anemia, atrophic glossitis, fever, hepatic inflammation, liver necrosis, renal toxicity, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, weight loss etc. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) - It is the procedure of spraying the indoors of a closed facility with insecticides to eradicate mosquitoes that carry malaria infection. Insecticides are sprayed on the inner walls so that the mosquitoes can be killed or kept at bay which prevents the transmission of malaria infection (Aregawi et al., 2009). Earlier, it was only recommended for vicinities with sporadic infection of malaria, but in 2006 it started advocating the use of IRS in regions of endemic, and stable malaria infection (van den Berg , 2009). According to the Cochrane review, IRS is a successful strategy for decreasing malaria infection (Pluess et al., 2010). But only a handful of studies have evaluated the economical aspects of IRS with any other means of controlling malaria infection (Yukich et al., 2008). Yet with respect to the usage of a variety of pesticides, DDT has been thought to be the cost effective, since it last for longer time thus reducing the frequency of spraying. Yet, studies on cost effectiveness and adverse effects of pesticides use on human and environment health are still less. Another aspect to be considered is that almost 80% of dwellings must be sprayed with pesticides for IRS to be effective (WHO, 2006) otherwise the program wont be a success. People are often more resistant towards DDT spray due to its smell or stains on the inner walls (Mabaso, Sharp Lengeler, 2004; Thurow, 2001). In that case, pyrethroid insecticides are more satisfactory as they dont leave any visible residues. Malathion spraying in the North West Frontier Province in Pakistan provided protective efficacy of 52.5% against falciparum infection while 40.5% against vivax infection. The vector (Anopheles stephensi) is identified as resistant to malathion in the region, and changing from malathion to another insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin for spraying increased the protection efficacy. Conversely, a constant malathion spraying drive decreased the frequency of malari a infection, when used along with ITNs by almost 90% in Pakistan. It was estimated that the spraying plans would be economical than the use of ITNs (Rowland et al., 1997a; Rowland et al., 1997b; Rowland, 1999). Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Mosquito bed-nets which are previously treated with insecticides (ITNs) were first made for malaria prevention in the 1980s. They are presumed to be twice as efficient as common bed-nets, and almost 70% more effective than having no net (Bachou et al., 2006). These nets are dipped in a pyrethroid insecticide (permethrin or) which aids in killing or repelling the mosquitoes. For maximum efficiency, ITNs must be dipped in pesticides after every six months. But, it poses a considerable logistical setback in rural parts. So, now latest ITNs with long lasting insecticides (Long lasting insecticidal nets [LLINs]) have replaced the older versions in many nations (Masum et al., 2010). ITNs have been demonstrated to be cost-efficient effective in malaria prevention (WHO, 2013). ITNs defend people who sleep under them and concurrently kill mosquitoes that get in touch with the nets. It offers some security to others sleeping in the same vicinity but without a net. But, studies have also sugge sted that transmission of disease may be aggravated with the loss of insecticidal property of bed-nets. Also, those who are not using ITN near the net users might experience elevated bites as mosquitoes get deflected from the non fatal ITN users. This could augment the malaria transmission in densely populated areas (Yakob Guiyun, 2009). In the North West Frontier Province, Pakistan, the permethrin-treated bed-nets offered a protective efficacy of 61% against falciparum infection while 47% against vivax infection (Rowland et al., 1997a; Rowland et al., 1997b; Rowland, 1999). References Aregawi, M., Cibulskis, R.E., Otten, M. and Williams, R., 2009.World malaria report 2009. World Health Organization. Bachou, H., Tylleskr, T., Kaddu-Mulindwa, D.H. and Tumwine, J.K., 2006. Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, Uganda.BMC infectious diseases,6(1), p.160. Bobenchik, A.M., Choi, J.Y., Mishra, A., Rujan, I.N., Hao, B., Voelker, D.R., Hoch, J.C. and Mamoun, C.B., 2010. Identification of inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase using an enzyme-coupled transmethylation assay.BMC biochemistry,11(1), p.4. Hay, S.I., Guerra, C.A., Gething, P.W., Patil, A.P., Tatem, A.J., Noor, A.M., Kabaria, C.W., Manh, B.H., Elyazar, I.R., Brooker, S. and Smith, D.L., 2009. A world malaria map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2007.PLoS Med,6(3), p.e1000048. Hempelmann, E., 2007. Hemozoin biocrystallization in Plasmodium falciparum and the antimalarial activity of crystallization inhibitors.Parasitology research,100(4), pp.671-676. Khattak, A.A., Venkatesan, M., Khatoon, L., Ouattara, A., Kenefic, L.J., Nadeem, M.F., Nighat, F., Malik, S.A. and Plowe, C.V., 2013. Prevalence and patterns of antifolate and chloroquine drug resistance markers in Plasmodium vivax across Pakistan.Malaria journal,12(1), p.310. Leslie, T., Mayan, M.I., Hasan, M.A., Safi, M.H., Klinkenberg, E., Whitty, C.J. and Rowland, M., 2007. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chlorproguanil-dapsone, or chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial.Jama,297(20), pp.2201-2209. Lin, J.W., Spaccapelo, R., Schwarzer, E., Sajid, M., Annoura, T., Deroost, K., Ravelli, R.B., Aime, E., Capuccini, B., Mommaas-Kienhuis, A.M. and OToole, T., 2015. Replication of Plasmodium in reticulocytes can occur without hemozoin formation, resulting in chloroquine resistance.Journal of Experimental Medicine,212(6), pp.893-903. Mabaso, M.L., Sharp, B. and Lengeler, C., 2004. Historical review of malarial control in southern African with emphasis on the use of indoor residual house?spraying.Tropical Medicine International Health,9(8), pp.846-856. Martin, R.E., Marchetti, R.V., Cowan, A.I., Howitt, S.M., Brer, S. and Kirk, K., 2009. Chloroquine transport via the malaria parasites chloroquine resistance transporter.science,325(5948), pp.1680-1682. Masum, H., Shah, R., Schroeder, K., Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A., 2010. Africa's largest long-lasting insecticide-treated net producer: lessons from A to Z Textiles.BMC international health and human rights,10(1), p.S6. Michaelides, M., Stover, N.B., Francis, P.J. and Weleber, R.G., 2011. Retinal toxicity associated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: risk factors, screening, and progression despite cessation of therapy.Archives of ophthalmology,129(1), pp.30-39. Murambiwa, P., Masola, B., Govender, T., Mukaratirwa, S. and Musabayane, C.T., 2011. 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Price, R.N., von Seidlein, L., Valecha, N., Nosten, F., Baird, J.K. and White, N.J., 2014. Global extent of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet infectious diseases,14(10), pp.982-991. Reich, A., Stnder, S. and Szepietowski, J.C., 2009. Drug-induced pruritus: a review.Acta dermato-venereologica,89(3), pp.236-244. Rowland, M., 1999. Malaria control in the Afghan refugee camps of western Pakistan.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,93(5), pp.458-459. Rowland, M., Hewitt, S., Durrani, N., Bano, N. and Wirtz, R., 1997. Transmission and control of vivax malaria in Afghan refugee settlements in Pakistan.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,91(3), pp.252-255.b Rowland, M., Hewitt, S., Durrani, N., Saleh, P., Bouma, M. and Sondorp, E., 1997. 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